The inaugural edition of the State of DPI in India 2025 report was jointly released by Protean eGov Technologies Ltd. and the Centre for Digital Public Goods at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore on December 4th, 2025. The report marks the beginning of an annual, evidence-based effort to systematically document and analyse the evolution of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) across India’s foundational and sectoral systems.
Co-authored by R. Srinivasan along with researchers and scholars affiliated with CDPG, the report examines DPI adoption across two contrasting sectors—financial services, where implementation has reached maturity and scale, and healthcare, where systems remain in earlier stages of adoption with structural and operational challenges. It outlines DPI’s core architecture, benefits, and implementation pathways, while tracing its foundations to the JAM trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile).
The analysis evaluates key DPI components across financial services, including Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, Account Aggregators, and OCEN, while mapping the emerging healthcare ecosystem under initiatives such as Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. It highlights that India’s DPI ecosystem is now operating at a population scale, improving transparency, efficiency, and access, particularly for underserved segments.
The report further situates India’s DPI evolution within a broader transition from implementation to adoption and leverage, emphasising the role of technology, data governance, and alignment between “Samaj, Sarkar, and Bazaar.” It positions India’s approach as a global “middle-path” model that balances public infrastructure with private innovation.
This collaboration between Protean and CDPG reflects a broader institutional effort to not only build and operate population-scale digital systems but also to generate rigorous, policy-relevant knowledge that informs their design, governance, and future evolution.