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A few rotten apples: non-performing loans, external frauds, and operational losses in a leading Indian bank

Abhinav Anand, Narendra Nath Kushwaha and Jayadev M
2024
Working Paper No
696
Body

Using novel, proprietary data on operational losses from a large government-owned bank in India, we provide evidence that only 3% operational risk events (particularly external frauds) account for more than 80% of aggregate operational losses. Operational losses are power-law distributed and exhibit steep increases in their tail operational value-at-risk. We also show that extreme operational losses in a given year are driven mostly by the previous year’s
NPL (non-performing loan) level, with a one standard deviation rise in NPLs associated with about a 1% rise in extreme operational losses.

Key words
Operational risk; power law; non-performing loans
Author(s) Name: Abhinav Anand, Narendra Nath Kushwaha and Jayadev M, 2024
Working Paper No : 696
Abstract :

Using novel, proprietary data on operational losses from a large government-owned bank in India, we provide evidence that only 3% operational risk events (particularly external frauds) account for more than 80% of aggregate operational losses. Operational losses are power-law distributed and exhibit steep increases in their tail operational value-at-risk. We also show that extreme operational losses in a given year are driven mostly by the previous year’s
NPL (non-performing loan) level, with a one standard deviation rise in NPLs associated with about a 1% rise in extreme operational losses.

Keywords : Operational risk; power law; non-performing loans